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DUP240 Family Protein Expressed copy (at MATa) of a1; homeobox-domain protein that, along with alpha2, represses transcription of haploid-specific genes in diploid cells; MATa1 pre-mRNA splicing requires Bud13p and Ist3p; a1 sequence is not present in SGD because the sequenced S288C strain is MATalpha, not MATa Glucoamylase (glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase); allows yeast to degrade starch Glucoamylase (glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase); extracellular enzyme needed for utilization of starch and oligosaccharides High-affinity maltose transporter; narrow substrate specificity, transporting maltose and turanose but not other alpha-glucosides; other names include alpha-glucoside transporter and maltose permease Invertase; sucrose hydrolyzing enzyme; seven closely related but non-identical invertase genes have been described in yeast (SUC1-5, 7, 8) but only SUC2 is in the reference strain (S288C) Invertase; sucrose hydrolyzing enzyme; seven closely related but non-identical invertase genes have been described in yeast (SUC1-5, 7, 8) but only SUC2 is in the reference strain (S288C); mapped to -152.0 cM on chrIV Invertase; sucrose hydrolyzing enzyme; seven closely related but non-identical invertase genes have been described in yeast (SUC1-5, 7, 8) but only SUC2 is in the reference strain (S288C); mapped to 146.0 cM on chrII Invertase; sucrose hydrolyzing enzyme; seven closely related but non-identical invertase genes have been described in yeast (SUC1-5, 7, 8) but only SUC2 is in the reference strain (S288C); mapped to 228.0 cM on chrVII Invertase; sucrose hydrolyzing enzyme; seven related but non-identical invertase genes have been described in yeast (SUC1-5, 7, 8) but only SUC2 is in strain S288C; unlike other forms of invertase, Suc7p is unable to hydrolyze raffinose Killer toxin; encoded on the left arm of chromosome IX in some strains, including YJM789 L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid acetyltransferase; reduces intracellular ROS and contributes to L-proline analog resistance and tolerance to ethanol and freezing; member of N-acetyltransferase superfamily; not found in S288C, only present in strains with Sigma1278b background; located on left arm of chromosome XIV approximately 15 kb from telomere L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid acetyltransferase; reduces intracellular ROS, contributes to L-proline analog resistance and tolerance to ethanol and freezing; member of N-acetyltransferase superfamily; not found in S288C, present in strains with Sigma1278b background; located on left arm of Chr X ~ 15 kb from telomere; identical to MPR1 except for one base at position 254, leading to Gly at position 85 in MPR1 and Glu in MPR2; present also in Japanese industrial baker's yeast MAL-activator protein; encoded within the complex locus MAL2; required for maltose and isomaltose utilization MAL-activator protein; encoded within the complex locus MAL4 MAL-activator protein; transcription factor; part of the complex locus MAL6, plays a positive role in the regulation of maltose fermentation MAL64 is a nonfunctional homolog of the MAL63 trans-activator; encoded within the complex locus MAL6 Maltase (alpha-D-glucosidase); encoded within the complex locus MAL2 Maltase (alpha-D-glucosidase); encoded within the complex locus MAL4 Maltase (alpha-D-glucosidase); encoded within the complex locus MAL6 Maltose permease; part of the complex locus MAL2 Maltose permease; part of the complex locus MAL4 Mating type locus; note that the systematic sequence in SGD contains MATalpha sequences Maturase-like coding sequence downstream of COX3/Q0275; present in some S. cerevisiae strains and other Saccharomyces species; compound ORF with homology to other group I open reading frames; in S288C is interrupted by two GC clusters, both of which ultimately result in a -1 frameshlft Member of the lipid-translocating exporter (LTE) family; present in multiple copies associated with SUC telomeric loci, amplified in yeasts used for industrial biomass or ethanol production with molasses as substrate Mitochondrially-encoded 50-kD subunit of Endo.SceI; dimeric site-specific endonuclease that introduces double-stranded breaks at a number of well-defined sites in mitochondrial DNA, inducing homologous recombination; has a 26-bp recognition sequence in ATP6 Multigene complex, polymeric locus for maltose fermentation; encodes the MAL23 trans-acting MAL-activator, MAL21 maltose permease, and MAL22 maltase; on the right arm of Chromosome III, but not in strain S288C; mapped to 95.0 cM on chrIII Multigene complex, polymeric locus for maltose fermentation; encodes the MAL43 trans-acting MAL-activator, MAL41 maltose permease, and MAL42 maltase; on right arm of Chromosome XI, but not in strain S288C; mapped to 85.0 cM on chrXI Multigene complex, polymeric locus for maltose fermentation; encodes the MAL63 trans-acting MAL-activator, MAL61 maltose permease, and MAL62 maltase; on the left arm of Chromosome VIII, but not in strain S288C Non-transcribed region of the rDNA repeat between the 3'ETS and RDN5; required for rDNA repeat expansion; contains RNA polymerase I termination site ORF with sequence and positional similarity to the MAL64 gene; the MAL64 gene is thought to be a nonfunctional copy of MAL63; encoded within the complex locus MAL3 in some strains of S. cerevisiae, but not in S288C Permease identified in lager brewing yeast strain Weihenstephan Nr.34; also in RM11-1a, but not S288C; subject to nitrogen catabolite repression and post-translational control, cellular localization dependent on nitrogen source quality Plasma membrane sodium-pumping ATPase; the ENA6 gene is found in the PMR2 locus in the CEN.PK113-7D strain of S. cerevisiae, where other common lab strains have a varying number of the ENA genes (ENA1-ENA5) at the same locus Protein involved in maintaining mitochondrial integrity and glutathione homeostasis; localized to the cytoplasm; in W303 strain IMI1 is encoded by one continuous open reading frame comprising YDL037C, the intergenic region, and YDL039C, while in the reference sequence S288C, YDL037C encodes Bsc1p and YDL039C encodes Prm7p. Protein of unknown function; identical to the C-terminal 119 amino acid residues of the MATalpha2 protein; a2 sequence is not present in SGD because the sequenced S288C strain is MATalpha, not MATa Putative 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid (KAPA) synthetase; highly degraded pseudogenic copy of BIO6/YAR069W-A; functional copy present in S. cerevisiae strains YJM627 and A364a; involved in the biotin biosynthesis pathway Putative 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid (KAPA) synthetase; in sake strains and S. cerevisiae strains YJM627 and A364a; involved in the biotin biosynthesis pathway; homologs present in S. bayanus, S. paradoxus, S. mikatae and S. kudriavzevii Putative GPI-anchored protein; localized to the cell wall; involved in foam formation in sake mash by conferring hydrophobicity to the cell surface Putative cell wall mannoprotein involved in foam formation; contains a signal peptide and a putative GPI anchor; protein precursor homologous to Awa1p and Hpf1p Putative pimeloyl-CoA synthetase involved in biotin biosynthesis; highly degraded pseudogenic paralog of YJR154W; functional copies present in S. cerevisiae strains YJM627 and A364a; functional pimeloyl-CoA synthetase (PCAS) genes are homologs of the bioW gene in Bacillus sp. and the bioC-bioH complex of E. coli Putative pimeloyl-CoA synthetase involved in biotin biosynthesis; in S. cerevisiae strains YJM627 and A364a; highly degraded pseudogenic copy of BIO1/YAR070W-A, which is a paralog of YJR154W Secreted alpha-galactosidase; required for catabolic conversion of melibiose to glucose and galactose Secreted alpha-galactosidase; required for catabolic conversion of melibiose to glucose and galactose; regulated by several GAL genes; mapped to -77.0 cM on chrII Starch hydrolysis Thermolabile killer toxin encoded on the right arm of Chromosome V This gene is absent from the reference genome, but present in various other strains' genomes; similar to MAL63 Transmembrane protein with a highly basic C-terminal region Xylitol dehydrogenase; involved in utilization of xylose as a carbon source; not present in S288C, but located in a 65kb insertion on the right arm of chromosome XV in many wine strains such as EC1118 and AWRI1631
DUP240 Family Protein
Expressed copy (at MATa) of a1; homeobox-domain protein that, along with alpha2, represses transcription of haploid-specific genes in diploid cells; MATa1 pre-mRNA splicing requires Bud13p and Ist3p; a1 sequence is not present in SGD because the sequenced S288C strain is MATalpha, not MATa
Glucoamylase (glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase); allows yeast to degrade starch
Glucoamylase (glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase); extracellular enzyme needed for utilization of starch and oligosaccharides
High-affinity maltose transporter; narrow substrate specificity, transporting maltose and turanose but not other alpha-glucosides; other names include alpha-glucoside transporter and maltose permease
Invertase; sucrose hydrolyzing enzyme; seven closely related but non-identical invertase genes have been described in yeast (SUC1-5, 7, 8) but only SUC2 is in the reference strain (S288C)
Invertase; sucrose hydrolyzing enzyme; seven closely related but non-identical invertase genes have been described in yeast (SUC1-5, 7, 8) but only SUC2 is in the reference strain (S288C); mapped to -152.0 cM on chrIV
Invertase; sucrose hydrolyzing enzyme; seven closely related but non-identical invertase genes have been described in yeast (SUC1-5, 7, 8) but only SUC2 is in the reference strain (S288C); mapped to 146.0 cM on chrII
Invertase; sucrose hydrolyzing enzyme; seven closely related but non-identical invertase genes have been described in yeast (SUC1-5, 7, 8) but only SUC2 is in the reference strain (S288C); mapped to 228.0 cM on chrVII
Invertase; sucrose hydrolyzing enzyme; seven related but non-identical invertase genes have been described in yeast (SUC1-5, 7, 8) but only SUC2 is in strain S288C; unlike other forms of invertase, Suc7p is unable to hydrolyze raffinose
Killer toxin; encoded on the left arm of chromosome IX in some strains, including YJM789
L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid acetyltransferase; reduces intracellular ROS and contributes to L-proline analog resistance and tolerance to ethanol and freezing; member of N-acetyltransferase superfamily; not found in S288C, only present in strains with Sigma1278b background; located on left arm of chromosome XIV approximately 15 kb from telomere
L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid acetyltransferase; reduces intracellular ROS, contributes to L-proline analog resistance and tolerance to ethanol and freezing; member of N-acetyltransferase superfamily; not found in S288C, present in strains with Sigma1278b background; located on left arm of Chr X ~ 15 kb from telomere; identical to MPR1 except for one base at position 254, leading to Gly at position 85 in MPR1 and Glu in MPR2; present also in Japanese industrial baker's yeast
MAL-activator protein; encoded within the complex locus MAL2; required for maltose and isomaltose utilization
MAL-activator protein; encoded within the complex locus MAL4
MAL-activator protein; transcription factor; part of the complex locus MAL6, plays a positive role in the regulation of maltose fermentation
MAL64 is a nonfunctional homolog of the MAL63 trans-activator; encoded within the complex locus MAL6
Maltase (alpha-D-glucosidase); encoded within the complex locus MAL2
Maltase (alpha-D-glucosidase); encoded within the complex locus MAL4
Maltase (alpha-D-glucosidase); encoded within the complex locus MAL6
Maltose permease; part of the complex locus MAL2
Maltose permease; part of the complex locus MAL4
Mating type locus; note that the systematic sequence in SGD contains MATalpha sequences
Maturase-like coding sequence downstream of COX3/Q0275; present in some S. cerevisiae strains and other Saccharomyces species; compound ORF with homology to other group I open reading frames; in S288C is interrupted by two GC clusters, both of which ultimately result in a -1 frameshlft
Member of the lipid-translocating exporter (LTE) family; present in multiple copies associated with SUC telomeric loci, amplified in yeasts used for industrial biomass or ethanol production with molasses as substrate
Mitochondrially-encoded 50-kD subunit of Endo.SceI; dimeric site-specific endonuclease that introduces double-stranded breaks at a number of well-defined sites in mitochondrial DNA, inducing homologous recombination; has a 26-bp recognition sequence in ATP6
Multigene complex, polymeric locus for maltose fermentation; encodes the MAL23 trans-acting MAL-activator, MAL21 maltose permease, and MAL22 maltase; on the right arm of Chromosome III, but not in strain S288C; mapped to 95.0 cM on chrIII
Multigene complex, polymeric locus for maltose fermentation; encodes the MAL43 trans-acting MAL-activator, MAL41 maltose permease, and MAL42 maltase; on right arm of Chromosome XI, but not in strain S288C; mapped to 85.0 cM on chrXI
Multigene complex, polymeric locus for maltose fermentation; encodes the MAL63 trans-acting MAL-activator, MAL61 maltose permease, and MAL62 maltase; on the left arm of Chromosome VIII, but not in strain S288C
Non-transcribed region of the rDNA repeat between the 3'ETS and RDN5; required for rDNA repeat expansion; contains RNA polymerase I termination site
ORF with sequence and positional similarity to the MAL64 gene; the MAL64 gene is thought to be a nonfunctional copy of MAL63; encoded within the complex locus MAL3 in some strains of S. cerevisiae, but not in S288C
Permease identified in lager brewing yeast strain Weihenstephan Nr.34; also in RM11-1a, but not S288C; subject to nitrogen catabolite repression and post-translational control, cellular localization dependent on nitrogen source quality
Plasma membrane sodium-pumping ATPase; the ENA6 gene is found in the PMR2 locus in the CEN.PK113-7D strain of S. cerevisiae, where other common lab strains have a varying number of the ENA genes (ENA1-ENA5) at the same locus
Protein involved in maintaining mitochondrial integrity and glutathione homeostasis; localized to the cytoplasm; in W303 strain IMI1 is encoded by one continuous open reading frame comprising YDL037C, the intergenic region, and YDL039C, while in the reference sequence S288C, YDL037C encodes Bsc1p and YDL039C encodes Prm7p.
Protein of unknown function; identical to the C-terminal 119 amino acid residues of the MATalpha2 protein; a2 sequence is not present in SGD because the sequenced S288C strain is MATalpha, not MATa
Putative 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid (KAPA) synthetase; highly degraded pseudogenic copy of BIO6/YAR069W-A; functional copy present in S. cerevisiae strains YJM627 and A364a; involved in the biotin biosynthesis pathway
Putative 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid (KAPA) synthetase; in sake strains and S. cerevisiae strains YJM627 and A364a; involved in the biotin biosynthesis pathway; homologs present in S. bayanus, S. paradoxus, S. mikatae and S. kudriavzevii
Putative GPI-anchored protein; localized to the cell wall; involved in foam formation in sake mash by conferring hydrophobicity to the cell surface
Putative cell wall mannoprotein involved in foam formation; contains a signal peptide and a putative GPI anchor; protein precursor homologous to Awa1p and Hpf1p
Putative pimeloyl-CoA synthetase involved in biotin biosynthesis; highly degraded pseudogenic paralog of YJR154W; functional copies present in S. cerevisiae strains YJM627 and A364a; functional pimeloyl-CoA synthetase (PCAS) genes are homologs of the bioW gene in Bacillus sp. and the bioC-bioH complex of E. coli
Putative pimeloyl-CoA synthetase involved in biotin biosynthesis; in S. cerevisiae strains YJM627 and A364a; highly degraded pseudogenic copy of BIO1/YAR070W-A, which is a paralog of YJR154W
Secreted alpha-galactosidase; required for catabolic conversion of melibiose to glucose and galactose
Secreted alpha-galactosidase; required for catabolic conversion of melibiose to glucose and galactose; regulated by several GAL genes; mapped to -77.0 cM on chrII
Starch hydrolysis
Thermolabile killer toxin encoded on the right arm of Chromosome V
This gene is absent from the reference genome, but present in various other strains' genomes; similar to MAL63
Transmembrane protein with a highly basic C-terminal region
Xylitol dehydrogenase; involved in utilization of xylose as a carbon source; not present in S288C, but located in a 65kb insertion on the right arm of chromosome XV in many wine strains such as EC1118 and AWRI1631
